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Updates: 

I found newer census data, and some pseudo-divisions, as shown under the "Further subdivisions" heading.

Country overview: 

Short name	TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS
ISO code	TC
FIPS code	TK
Language	English (en)
Time zone	-5~
Capital	Cockburn Town

 

Turks and Caicos Islands was a dependency of Jamaica until Jamaica became independent, on 1962-08-06. Then it reverted to the status of territory of the United Kingdom.

Other names of country: 

1. Dutch: Turks- en Caicoseilanden
2. French: Îles fp Turks et Caïques, Îles Turques et Caïques
3. German: Turks- und Caicos-Inseln fp
4. Icelandic: Turkseyjar
5. Italian: Isole fp Turks e Caicos
6. Portuguese: Ilhas fp Turcas y Caicos
7. Russian: Острова Тёркс и Кайкос
8. Spanish: Islas fp Turcas y Caicos
9. Turkish: Turks ve Kaykos Adaları

Primary subdivisions: 

Turks and Caicos Islands is not completely partitioned into primary subdivisions.

Country	HASC	Population	Area(km.²)	Area(mi.²)	Capital
Turks and Caicos Islands	TC.TC	20,014	430	166	Cockburn Town
Country: This division is the whole of the country, treated as a division for compatibility. HASC: Hierarchical administrative subdivision code. Population: 2001-09-10 census

Postal codes: 

The postal code for all locations in Turks and Caicos Islands, in the U.K. system, is TKCA 1ZZ.

Further subdivisions:

The census reports (sources [1], [2]) break down the population by island. This is not a complete partition of the country's territory; for example, East Caicos and West Caicos are unaccounted for. Source [3] says the country has six districts. Its list shows all of the following except Parrot Cay.

Each of the islands with Typ="d" in the table has a district commissioner. The rest of Turks and Caicos Islands ("g") is administered directly by the central government.

Island	Typ	1960-04-07	1970-10-29	1980-05-12	1990-05-31	2001-09-10	Capital
Grand Turk	g	2,180	2,287	3,098	3,691	3,976	Cockburn Town
Middle Caicos	d	532	362	396	272	301	Bambarra
North Caicos	d	1,150	999	1,278	1,275	1,347	Kew
Parrot Cay	g					58
Providenciales	g	518	558	977	4,821	13,021	Blue Hills
Salt Cay	d	448	334	284	208	120	Salt Cay Town
South Caicos	d	840	1,018	1,380	1,198	1,063	Cockburn Harbor
Total		5,668	5,558	7,413	11,696	20,014
Typ: d = district, g = government-administered. Dates are census dates. Where the total population is greater than the sum of the individual islands, it includes the institutionalized. (Source [1].)

 

Source [4], a precursor of the FIPS 10-4 standard, lists the following five divisions of Turks and Caicos Islands. There is no way to determine the territorial extent of each one.

Division	FIPS
Blue Hills (Providenciales Island)	TK01
Bottle Creek (East Caicos)	TK02
Grand Turk (Capital)	TK03
Kew (North Caicos Island)	TK04
Middle Caicos (Grand Caicos Island)	TK05

Territorial extent: 

Turks and Caicos islands consists of two island groups. The larger is Caicos Islands, including Grand Caicos, East Caicos, North Caicos, Providenciales, West Caicos, South Caicos, Ambergris Cays, Long Cay, Seal Cay, and French Cay. To the east, the Turks Islands include Grand Turk (site of the capital) and Salt Cay.

Sources: 

1. [1] Population of the Turks and Caicos Islands by Island in Census Years , Department of Economic Planning and Statistics website (retrieved 2010-06-12).
2. [2] TCI Resident Population by Sex, Status and Island 2001-2006 , Department of Economic Planning and Statistics website (retrieved 2010-06-12). By comparison with source [1], this page shows one person displaced from Grand Turk to North Caicos.
3. [3] "Provinces and Provincial Capitals of the World, 2nd Ed.", Morris Fisher. Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, N.J., 1985.
4. [4] "Geopolitical Data Elements and Related Features", Defense Intelligence Agency Manual 65-18. Washington, 1972-09-29.