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Updates: 

Sorin Cosoveanu sent me the information that now appears in the change history, from source [1].

I updated the population data using a file from UPECEDS (Ufficio Programmazione Economica - Centro Elaborazione Dati e Statistica = Economic Programming Office - Data Processing and Statistics Center). These figures appear to be computed from municipal population registers. Thanks to Sorin Cosoveanu for bringing them to my attention.

ISO 3166-2 Newsletter I-8, published on 2007-04-17, has new ISO municipality codes for San Marino. They are shown in the table below. They replace codes from a draft version, ISO/DIS 2166-2, which had not been supported.

Country overview: 

Short name	SAN MARINO
ISO code	SM
FIPS code	SM
Language	Italian (it)
Time zone	+1~
Capital	San Marino

 

San Marino has been an independent republic for the whole of the 20th century.

Other names of country: 

1. Danish: San Marino
2. Dutch: San Marino, Meest Serene Republiek San Marino (formal)
3. English: Most Serene Republic of San Marino (formal)
4. Finnish: San Marino
5. French: Saint-Marin
6. German: San Marino n
7. Icelandic: San Marínó
8. Italian: San Marino, Serenissima Repubblica f di San Marino (formal)
9. Norwegian: San Marino, Republikken San Marino (formal)
10. Portuguese: San Marino, São Marino, República f Sereníssima de São Marino n (formal)
11. Russian: Республика Сан-Марино (formal)
12. Spanish: San Marino, Serenisima República f de San Marino m (formal)
13. Swedish: San Marino
14. Turkish: San Marino Cumhuriyeti (formal)

Origin of name: 

after Saint Marinus (4th cent.), a stonecutter of Rimini who founded San Marino as a refuge from persecution

Primary subdivisions: 

San Marino is divided into nine castelli (sing. castello: municipalities).

Municipality	HASC	ISO	FIPS	Population	Area(km.²)	Area(mi.²)
Acquaviva	SM.AC	01	SM01	1,996	5	2
Borgo Maggiore	SM.BM	06	SM06	6,258	9	3
Chiesanuova	SM.CH	02	SM02	1,034	5	2
Domagnano	SM.DO	03	SM03	3,035	7	3
Faetano	SM.FA	04	SM04	1,156	8	3
Fiorentino	SM.FI	05	SM05	2,377	7	3
Montegiardino	SM.MG	08	SM08	890	3	1
San Marino	SM.SM	07	SM07	4,377	7	3
Serravalle	SM.SE	09	SM09	10,146	11	4
9 municipalities				31,269	61	24
HASC: Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes. ISO: Codes from ISO 3166-2. FIPS: Codes from FIPS PUB 10-4. Population: 2008-12 data from municipal registers. Capital: Capitals have same names as their municipalities.

Postal code: 

San Marino uses five-digit postal codes from the Italian system. Postal codes for San Marino are 4789x, where x is a digit.

Further subdivisions:

The castelli are further subdivided into 43 curazie (villages).

Territorial extent: 

San Marino is entirely surrounded by Italy.

Origins of names: 

1. Acquaviva: = living water (after a spring in a rock face)
2. Borgo Maggiore: = larger village
3. Chiesanuova: = new church
4. Montegiardino: = garden mountain

Other names of subdivisions: 

San Marino: Città (informal)

Change history: 

1. 1925-03-16: San Marino reorganized into 10 castelli: Faetano, Fiorentino, la Fratta, la Guaita, Montale, Montecerreto, Montegiardino, Pennarosa, Serravalle, and Torraccia. La Fratta and la Guaita together constituted San Marino city. Previously it had been divided into 10 gualdarie (wards) and 3 castelli. The wards were Cailungo e Banti, Casole, Domagnano, Gavigliano (or Gaviano), il Castello e le Piagge, Montecucco e Castiglione, San Giovanni sotto le Penne, Sterpeto e Piandavello, Submonte, and Tesano. The castelli were Faetano, Montegiardino, and Serravalle.
2. 1944-04-02: Pennarosa renamed Chiesanuova; Torraccia renamed Domagnano.
3. 1945-04-08: La Guaita and Montale merged to form Città e Piagge.
4. 1945-11-17: Città e Piagge renamed San Marino Città; la Fratta renamed Borgo Maggiore; Montecerreto renamed Acquaviva.

Sources: 

1. [1] Cenni storici e Curiosità  (Historical Notes and Curiosities), Segreteria di Stato per gli Affari Interni, San Marino (retrieved 2012-12-01).